In 2016, the United States had an estimated population of 318 million individuals. Most of those individuals had private health insurance or received health care services under a federal program (such as Medicare or Medicaid). About 8.6 % of the U.S. population was uninsured (Table 1). Individuals (including those who were uninsured), health insurers, and federal and state governments spent approximately $3. 2 trillion on various types of health consumption expenditures (HCE) in 2016, which accounted for 17.1 % of the nation's gross domestic product.